Diagnoses and Conditions
Meniscal Tear
Meniscal Tear What is a Meniscal Tear? The meniscus is a rubbery, C-shaped piece of cartilage that cushions your knee. Each of your knees has 2 menisci (plural of meniscus); one on the inner (medial) part of the knee, and the other on the outer (lateral) part....
Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer’s Elbow)
What is Medial Epicondylitis (Golfer's Elbow)? Medial epicondylitis is a condition that occurs when the tendons on the inside of the forearm become irritated, inflamed, and painful due to repetitive use of the hand, wrist, and forearm. A tendon is a soft tissue that...
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Injury
What is an MCL Injury? The MCL is a small, thick band of tissue on the inner side of the knee joint. It connects two bones—the thighbone and the shin bone—preventing the knee from bending inward toward the other knee. When the knee is hit on the outer side of the leg...
Lower Extremity Stress Fractures
What is Lower Extremity Stress Fractures? Stress fractures are tiny cracks that occur in bone, usually related to repetitive activities that impact the bone in a similar way over time. These stresses lead to change in the normal process of bone breakdown and...
Low Back Pain
Lower Back Pain If you have low back pain, you are not alone. At any given time, about 25% of people in the United States report having low back pain within the past 3 months. In most cases, low back pain is mild and disappears on its own. For some people, back...
Knee Pain
What is Knee Pain? Knee pain can be caused by disease or injury. Knee pain can restrict movement, affect muscle control in the sore leg, and reduce the strength and endurance of the muscles that support the knee. The most common disease affecting the knee is...
Jaw Fracture (Temporomandibular Joint Fracture)
What Is Temporomandibular Joint Fracture (Jaw Fracture)? Like any other joint in the body, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) can be broken, most likely due to a fall or trauma to the face. The jaw most commonly breaks along the condyles, which are rounded projections...
Inner Ear Trauma
What Is Inner Ear Trauma? Trauma—such as hitting your head in a fall or injuring your neck in a car accident—can damage the structures of your inner ear. The inner ear contains the “peripheral vestibular system, which plays a big role in keeping your balance. The...
Infant Brachial Plexus Injury (Erb’s Palsy, Klumpke’s Palsy)
What is a Brachial Plexus Injury? The brachial plexus is a bundle of nerves that runs from the neck through the shoulder to the arm. Although injury can happen anytime, most brachial plexus injuries occur during birth when the infant's shoulder becomes wedged in the...
Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS)
Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS) What is Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS)? Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) occurs when excessive irritation causes pain at the outside (or lateral) part of the knee. The iliotibial band (ITB) is a type of soft tissue that runs along the...
HIV Disease and AIDS
What is HIV Disease and AIDS? HIV disease is due to infection with HIV, a retrovirus. Commonly, HIV is passed on through sexual relations with an infected person, exposure to contaminated blood, or from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding....
Hip Impingement (Femeroacetabular Impingement)
What is Hip Impingement? There are 2 types of hip impingement; they may occur alone or together. Pincer-Type Impingement In pincer-type impingement, the hip socket (acetabulum), which is usually angled forward, may be angled toward the back, or protruding bone may be...
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